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Что (кто) такое motte - определение
![A [[Bayeux Tapestry]] scene depicting an attack on the [[Château de Dinan]] in Brittany, shown with a wooden [[palisade]] surmounting the motte](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bayeux Tapestry scene19 detail Castle Dinan.jpg?width=200 "A [[Bayeux Tapestry]] scene depicting an attack on the [[Château de Dinan]] in Brittany, shown with a wooden [[palisade]] surmounting the motte")
![A reconstruction of England's [[Carisbrooke Castle]] on the [[Isle of Wight]] as it was in the 14th century, showing the [[keep]] built atop the motte (top left), and the walled-in bailey below](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carisbrooke Castle 14th century.jpg?width=200 "A reconstruction of England's [[Carisbrooke Castle]] on the [[Isle of Wight]] as it was in the 14th century, showing the [[keep]] built atop the motte (top left), and the walled-in bailey below")
![Gisors]] in France](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chateau-de-Gisors.jpg?width=200 "Gisors]] in France")
![A cross-section showing the layers within the motte at [[Clifford's Tower]] in [[York]]: "A" marks the 20th-century concrete [[underpinning]]s of the motte; the low walls enclosing the base of the motte are a 19th-century addition.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clifford Mound Crosssection.jpg?width=200 "A cross-section showing the layers within the motte at [[Clifford's Tower]] in [[York]]: \"A\" marks the 20th-century concrete [[underpinning]]s of the motte; the low walls enclosing the base of the motte are a 19th-century addition.")
![The motte (left) and bailey (right) of [[Clough Castle]] in County Down in Northern Ireland](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clough Castle Motte and Bailey.jpg?width=200 "The motte (left) and bailey (right) of [[Clough Castle]] in County Down in Northern Ireland")
![Reconstructed wooden [[keep]] at [[Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou]], France](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Donjon chateau a motte saint sylvain.jpg?width=200 "Reconstructed wooden [[keep]] at [[Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou]], France")
![The motte and bailey defences of [[Launceston Castle]] in England](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Launceston Castle - geograph.org.uk - 22242.jpg?width=200 "The motte and bailey defences of [[Launceston Castle]] in England")
![Building the motte of [[Hastings Castle]] in East Sussex, from the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Motte.jpg?width=200 "Building the motte of [[Hastings Castle]] in East Sussex, from the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]")
![The [[Bass of Inverurie]] in Aberdeenshire in Scotland, a large mid-12th-century motte-and-bailey castle](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Bass of Inverurie. - geograph.org.uk - 117762.jpg?width=200 "The [[Bass of Inverurie]] in Aberdeenshire in Scotland, a large mid-12th-century motte-and-bailey castle")
![Topcliffe Castle]] in North Yorkshire, an archetypal motte-and-bailey design](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Topcliffe Castle plan.jpg?width=200 "Topcliffe Castle]] in North Yorkshire, an archetypal motte-and-bailey design")
![Reconstructed [[Bergfried]] at [[Lütjenburg]], Germany](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Turmhügelburg.jpg?width=200 "Reconstructed [[Bergfried]] at [[Lütjenburg]], Germany")
Википедия
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. Windsor Castle, in England, is an example of a motte-and-bailey castle. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
